神经阻滞镇痛术.pptVIP

2022/5/3 * Non-opioid for mild pain Pain persisting or increasing Weak Opioids for moderate pain Pain persisting or increasing Strong Opioids for severe pain Freedom from cancer pain NSAIDs e.g. aspirin, acetaminophen e.g. codeine, tramadol e.g. morphine, fentanyl, methadone WHO analgesic ladder Three steps analgesia therapy for cancer patients 2022/5/3 * Thank you! * * 2022/5/3 * (3) Urinary tract constrict ureteral smooth muscle bladder sphincter tone urinary retention uterine tone? prolong labor (4) Genital tract 2022/5/3 * orthostatic hypo