Unit 6 central bank 课件资料财经英语.docxVIP

Unit 6 central bank 中央银行 1. Central bank It is also known as monetary authority, or reserve bank acting as banker to the government in the widest sense. Some central banks in the world:  1. the People’s Bank of China （PBC）中国人民银行: The top management of the PBC is composed of the governor and a certain number of deputy governors.  The governor of the PBC is appointed into or removed from office by the President of the People’s Republic of China. 2. the Federal Reserve System in the United States 美国联邦储备委员会（美联储） 3. the European Central Bank(ECB) 欧洲央行 2. The functions of central bank 1. issuing bank 发行货币银行 It has the monopoly note issue. 垄断的货币发行权2. banker to the banks  It helps to assure the safety and efficiency of the financial system. 3. banker to the government It processes a variety of financial transactions. 3. The central bank and monetary policy The monetary policies of central bank can be: 3.1 tight monetary policy 紧缩货币政策 decreasing the total supply of money 3.2 easy monetary policy 宽松货币政策 increasing the total money supply The main monetary policy instruments货币政策工具 of the central bank include: 3.1 Open market operations 公开市场操作 It buys/sells bonds 债券in exchange for hard currency in open market to change the amount of currency in the economy, thus altering the size of monetary base. 3.2 Reserve requirements 法定准备金 By changing the proportion of total assets that banks must hold in reserve with the central bank 3.3 Discount window lending 贴现窗口贷款 It has the authority to lend funds to financial institutions, by re-lending or re-discounting再打折 operations, the central bank is able to change the size of the money supply. 3.4 Interest rate policy 利率政策 By setting benchmark interest rate 基准利率, the central bank can affect the money supply 第四周作业： 1. 这里出现的所有专业术语都要会读（不会读，务必查字典），会写（以后会默写单词），本周请用第五单元以及第六单元的内容编写本学期的第三个对话：除绿色的内容不要编入对话中，其他必须全部出现在对话中。 （对话最少需要三分钟，写完之后可以自己匀速读一读，没有三分钟就不合格） 2. 每班学号第16 位同学查找：中国政府财政政策以及财政收入的来源（包含地方和中央政