石油工程课件.pptxVIP

石 油 工 程(Petroleum Engineering);Text Books;References;;;;;石油工程 講授大綱;石油工程 講授大綱;Chapter 1 Introduction (前言);石油的分子結構;;Petroleum(石油) and Energy(能源);能源的分類;傳統能源 (或 非再生能源);再生能源(Renewable Energy)種類;世界消費能源總量之中各類能源所佔比例;石油分類;The world reference Crude (oil); API Gravity API = American Petroleum Institute ;What is a barrel of oil?;;;;;;;;IPE BRENT CRUDE OIL PRICEInternational political economy (IPE);;;;;;;;;What is Petroleum Engineering;Major fields in Petroleum;The design of petroleum techniques is based on observation of production performance, a representation of reservoir inferred from very limited sampling. Reservoirs cannot be designed to fulfill a particular task, but rather an ill-defined naturally occurring reservoir is induced to produce some fraction of its contents for as long as is considered commercially attractive. With the passage of time and cumulative production, more information on the nature of the reservoir can be accumulated and the production methods can modified. ;Thus petroleum engineering can represent an exercise in the application of uncertainty to design. The terminology of the subject contains varying degrees of confidence in representation of the in-place and recoverable resource base. We will discuss the representation of “proven” quantities of hydrocarbon in terms of availability of information and the existence of technology to exploit recovery on commercially attractive terms.;In the current climate of deeper reservoir exploration and increased exploitation of offshore reservoirs in the world’s sedimentary basins (Fig. 1.1), costs of production are significant. For example, in terms of pre-tax cost of oil production from a 2000 m ss onshore well compared with a 3000 m ss offshore well, a ratio of 1:10 might be expected. Current exploration in maturing hydrocarbon provinces is centered on more subtle trapping mechanisms than structural highs and on smaller accumulations.;The further recovery of hydrocarbons from