完整版化合物英文命名规则.pdfVIP

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名 （Prefix 词头,前缀Suffix 词尾,后缀Stem 词根） 1.Trivial Names 俗名 H2O water 不说 dihydrogen oxide NH3 ammoni 不说 nitrogen trihydride CaO quicklime CaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名 1)Oxide 氧化物——先命名非氧元素 ZnOzinc oxide CaO calcium oxide CO carbon oxide Na2O2 sodium peroxide H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物 2)Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱） Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide 3)Acid 酸 Hydro acid 氢酸General formul 通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英) 、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorine Oxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formul 通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代 H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美) H2CO3 carbonic acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states ： -ic ：the higher oxidation state -ous ：the lower oxidation state H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5 HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid If X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states ： halogen 卤素 per- (过，高) + -ic ：the still higher oxidation state hypo- (次,在?下) + -ous ：the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acid HClO2 chlorous acid HClO4 perchloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid HIO hypoiodous acid 4)Salt 盐 General formul 通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide （-ide?化物） Oxide、chloride 、nitride 、hydride KI potassium iodide Al2S3 aluminum sulfide LiH lithium hydride Oxysalt 含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions: -ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X) -ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X) HNO3 nitric acid NaNO3 sodium nitrate HNO2 nitrous acid NaNO2 sodium nitrite SO42- s