人机工程学-OWAS-测量方法.pdf

Posture • Good posture is that state of muscular and skeletal balance which protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity, irrespective of attitude (erect , lying, stooping) in which these structures are working or resting. Under such conditions the muscles will function most efficiently and the optimum conditions are afforded for the thoracic and abdominal organs. Poor posture is a faulty relationship of the various parts of the body which produce increased strain on the supporting structures and in which there is less efficient balance of the body over its base of support. (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons , 1947) Postural Analysis • Spatial arrangement of body sections • Stability, muscle loads and joint torques • Fatigue levels and recovery times • Assessment of posture tolerability (spatial, temporal and operational conditions) Laboratory Methods • Electromyography • Biomechanical models (e.g. CODA) • Physiological measures (HR) • Pressure readings (IAP, IVP) Field Methods • Questionnaires • Surveys, Rating Scales • Observation Choice of Methods • Time for observation and analysis • Level of detail required • Occupation observed • Cost Measurement Criteria • Simple, non-interfering • Minimum expertise • Easy to record • Easy to interpret Postural Analysis • Time driven •Event driven – OWAS –RULA – BPDS –REBA – Video –QEC –MAC –ART Who uses these tools • 1st level – self assessment – HSE survey tools e.g.