金兹堡朗道理论.pdfVIP

Ginzburg–Landau theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In physics, Ginzburg–Landau theory, named after Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg an Lev Landau, is a mathematical physical theory used to describesuperconductivity. In its initial form, it was postulated as a phenomenological model which could describe type-I superconductors without examining their microscopic properties. Later, a version of Ginzburg–Landau theory was derived from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer microscopic theory by Lev Gorkov, thus showing that it also appears in some limit of microscopic theory and giving microscopic interpretation of all its parameters. Contents [hide] • 1Introduction • 2Simple interpretation • 3Coherence length and penetration depth • 4Fluctuations in the Ginzburg–Landau model • 5Classification of superconductors based on Ginzburg–Landau theory • 6Landau–Ginzburg theories in string theory • 7See also • 8References • 8.1Papers Introduction[edit] Based on Landaus previously-established theory of second-order phase transitions, Ginzburg an Landau argue that the free energy, F, of a superconductor near the superconducting transition can be expressed in terms of a complex order parameter field, ψ, which is nonzero below a phase transition into a superconducting state and is related to the density of the superconducting component, although no direct interpretation of this parameter was given in the original paper. Assuming smallness of |ψ| and smallness of its gradients, the free energy has the form of a field theory. where F is the free energy in the normal phase, α an β in the initial arg