英语中的主动语态与被动语态.docxVIP

1 英语中的主动语态与被动语态 英语中有两种语态即：主动语态和被动语 态 一．概念 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者，被 动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 例如： 1. Granny takes care of the girl. 奶奶 照顾这个小女孩(Granny 是动作take care of 的执行者，属主动语态) 2. The girl is taken care of by Granny. 小女孩由奶奶照顾 (the girl 是动作 take care of 的承受者) 二. 被动语态的构成 (1)一般现在时的被动语态 be 动词(am / is / are) +过去分词 (2)一般过去时的被动语态 was / were + 过去分词 (3)一般将来时的被动语态 will + 过去分词 (4)含有情态动词的被动语态 Can / may / must / should +过去分词 注：在英语中当然不止这四种形式的被动 语态，它还有现在进行时、过去进行时、 现在完成时、过去完成时等多种形式的被 动语态，但在中考中只考老师呈现的这四 种时态的被动语态 三. 被动语态的用法 在将被动语态变为主动语态时，首先划 分句子成分找出句子的主语、 谓语、 宾语， 然后将主动语态的宾语拿来做被动语态的 主语；接下来看这个句子是什么时态，这 个句子是什么时态就用什么时态的被动语 态； 最后用 by 将主语引出,有时 by 短语可 省略 例如：将下列句子变为被动语态 1. We call him Tom. 主 谓 宾 He is called Tom by us. 2. Many people speak English. 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by many people. 3. I asked her some questions. 主 谓 宾 She was asked some questions by me. 4. She made her room clean and tidy. 主 谓 宾 Her room is made clean and tidy. 5. They took care of the children. 主 谓 宾 The children were taken of by them. 6. Lucy and Lily will plant many trees 主 谓 宾 next Sunday. Many trees will be planted next Sunday by Lucy and Lily. 7. Jim can play the piano. 主 谓 宾 The piano can be played by Jim. 三. 带有双宾语的句子被动语态的变法 带有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，首 先划分句子成分找出句子的主语、谓语、 直宾 (人是直宾)和间宾(物是间宾)， 然后主动语态中的直宾和间宾都可用来作 被动语态的主语，接下来如果是将间宾用 来作被动语态的主语时，还须在直接宾语 前加 to 或 for 注意： 介词 to 或for 的选择与谓语动词有 关：与 to 连用的动词有： give / show / send / bring / read /pass / lend / leave / hand / tell / return / write / pay / throw / wish / teach / promise 等；与 for 连用的 动词有： make / buy / do / fetch / get / play / save / order / find 等. (常考的老师打 有下划线) 例如： 1. She sent me a dictionary on 主 谓 直宾 间宾 my birthday. I was sent a dictionary on my birthday. A dictionary was sent to me om my birthday. 2. My father bought me a radio 主 谓 直宾 间宾 yesterday. I was