制药工程 专业英语 unit 11.pptxVIP

会计学 1 制药工程 专业英语 Unit 11 capsules emulsion syrup tablet suspension ointment cream elixir 胶囊 乳剂 糖浆 片剂 混悬剂 软膏 霜剂 酒剂 第1页/共9页 The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies （in which a subject is comatose or cannot swallow）, and in providing various types of maintenance therapy for hospitalized patients. 第2页/共9页 If patient self-administration cannot be achieved, the sales of the drug constitute only a small fraction of what the market would be otherwise. 第3页/共9页 The reasons for this preference are as follows. Tablets and capsules represent unit dosage forms in which one usual dose of the drug has been accurately placed. By comparison, liquid oral dosage forms, such as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, and elixirs, are usually designed to contain one dose of medication in 5 to 30 ml. 第4页/共9页 Properties The objective of the design and manufacture of the compressed tablet is to deliver orally the correct amount of drug in the proper form at or over the proper time and in the desired location, and to have its chemical integrity protected to that point. Aside from the physical and chemical properties of the medicinal agent(s) to be formulated into a tablet, the actual physical design, manufacturing process, and complete chemical makeup of the tablet can have a profound effect on the efficacy of the drug(s) being administered. 第5页/共9页 A tablet (1) should be an elegant product having its own identity while being free of defects such as chips, cracks, discoloration, contamination, and the like; (2) should have the strength to withstand the rigors of mechanical shocks encountered in its production, packaging, shipping, and dispensing; and (3) should have the chemical and physical stability to maintain its physical attribute over time. 第6页/共9页 Pharmaceutical scientists now understand that various physical properties of tablets can undergo change under environmental or stress conditions, and that physical stability, throu