条件句的使用.docxVIP

一、真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。句型为： 条件从句主句国 [f/Unless+一般现在时 e.g. If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，他会带他的小提琴。 If you want to make a good impression, remember to smile and make eye contact. 如果你想留下好印象，记住保持微笑并且要与别人有眼神交流。 If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果不赶紧，他可能会错过公交车。 二、虚拟语气1）虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个 条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示与 事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态：现在时、过去时、将来时。 2）虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ①表示与现在事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 谓语动词用一般过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形（过去将来时） e.g. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的 号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功） ②表示与过去事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 had +过去分词（过去完成时）should/would/could/might + have +过去分词 e.g. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）If we had known your telephone number, we would have called you. 如果我们知道你的 号码，我们就给你打 了。（事实：我们不知道你的 号码） ③ 表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 e.g. If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 万一那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。（事实：不知会不会下雨）If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。（事实：她下周一不来）3）混合条件句 想像的、有可能导致现在结果的过去背景： 从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 had +过去分词（过去完成时）would+动词原形 e.g. If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher. 如果我那时多点自信，我现在就成为一名老师了。（事实：那时我不自信，现在我 不是老师。）If the rescue team hadn t found him, he would