实验诊断学课件.pptxVIP

血栓与止血检测(Laboratory Diagnostics in Thrombosis and Hemostasis);Contents and Objectives;Vocabulary 1;;a pathological activation of coagulation mechanisms that happens in response to a variety of diseases the massive , ongoing activation of coagulation may result in depletion of platelets and coagulation factors ,which may cause bleeding . a timely and reliable diagnosis;Case 1;thrombin fibrin-fibrinogen plasmin- plasminogen fibrin degradation product extrinsic and intrinsic pathways antithrombin heparin ;第一节 基础理论（止血、凝血和纤溶机制）;;;二. 凝血机制;The coagulation cascade;The coagulation cascade;三. 抗凝系统： 细胞抗凝作用 体液抗凝作用 AT-Ⅲ ：最主要的生理抗凝活性物质。 蛋白C和蛋白S系统。 ;Vocabulary 3;;一. 血管壁检测;The WHO definition of dengue haemorrhagic fever has been in use since 1975; all four criteria must be fulfilled: 2. Hemorrhagic tendency (positive tourniquet test, spontaneous bruising, bleeding from mucosa, gingiva, injection sites, etc.; vomiting blood, or bloody diarrhea) ;2 Template Bleeding Time, TBT;二. 血小板检测;The PFA-100? Analyzer ;三. 凝血功能检查;?? Most common causes – Heparin (contamination from lines or therapeutic) – Lupus Anticoagulant ?? Other causes – Liver disease (site of production for most coagulation factors) – Consumption of coagulation factors as seen in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) – Deficiencies of coagulation factors ? FVIII (Hemophilia A or Von Willebrand Disease), FIX, FXI, FXII ;Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his family( photographed c. 1916)showing his wife Alexandra (who was a carrier of hemophilia), his four daughters, and his son Alexis, perhaps the most famous European royal with hemophilia. ;32～43s;International Normalized Ratio (INR) International Sensitivity Index (ISI);Causes for Prolonged PT;四、抗凝系统检测;;卫生部卫医发[2000]412号文件;;Primary hemostasis;肝脏功能检查常用的实验室检测;肝脏的基本功能 ;肝脏病常用的实验室检查;;一.蛋白质代谢功能检查;（一）血清总蛋白和白蛋白、球蛋白及其比值测定;3）球蛋白 (G，globulin)为血清总蛋白中除去清蛋白以外的蛋白质(TP-A=G) ,是多种蛋白质的混合物，其中包括含量较多的免疫球蛋白和补体、各种糖蛋白、脂蛋白、金属结合蛋白和酶类等，球蛋白主要是由单核-吞噬细胞系统合成，与机体免疫有关。 4