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TOM SCHEIDING* Paying for Knowledge One Page at a Time: The Author Fee in Physics in Twentieth-Century America ABSTRACT The definition of the physics journal as an economic object has changed significantly over the course of the twentieth century. One issue debated and negotiated by academics, scholarly societies, and research patrons has been whether the journal was a public good, a private commodity, or some combination of the two. In physics, discussion of the eco- nomic status o干 the journal, as explored here 干or the journals o干 the American Institute o干 Physics, occurred in concert with t