组培人体胚胎学.pptxVIP

组培人体胚胎学会计学第1页/共35页20 Preface第2页/共35页1.Definition:(定义)Study development and mechanism of human body from fertilization to birth.2. Content(内容)(1) Normal human body development in uterus.(胚胎发育)(2)Relation between mother and embryo.(母子关系)(3) Hereditary malformation and reproductive engineering(先天畸形与生殖工程) 第3页/共35页3、 胚胎分期 (1)preembryonic period(胚前期) fertilization to —2W (2)embryonic period(胚期) 3W—8W (sensitive period of teratogenesis,致畸敏感期) (3)fetal period(胎儿期) 9W—birth *perinatal period(围产期) 26W--4W after birth 出生第4页/共35页有害因素影响可致畸8周末受精……… 胚期 胎期 围产期 （ 1-8周） （9-38周） (26周-生后4周) 受精、卵裂、 器官系统发育、 胚泡形成、 功能建立完善、 植入 、 胚体长大。 三胚层形成分化、 胎膜胎盘形成 器官原基建立第5页/共35页4、Importance and method (1) Importance (2) Study methods第6页/共35页21 Human embryogenesis and development of early period1 Germ cell and fertilization(生殖细胞和受精)(1) Germ cell (生殖细胞) spermatozoon （精子）A. Morphological maturation(形态的成熟) in testisB.Spermatozoa undergo a Functional maturation in process of journey from the seminiferous tubules （生精小管） to the ampulla of the oviduct （输卵管） 第7页/共35页C. Capacitation：获能： Definition :It is defined as the final step of sperm maturation , consisting primarily of changes in the acrosome (顶体）that prepare it to release the enzymes required to penetrate the zona pellucida（透明带）.Position :within female genital tract （女性生殖管道）and to require contact with the secretions of the oviduct .Sperm survive :1—3 dayCapacity of fertilization :1day第8页/共35页Ovum (卵子):CharacterA.Oogenesis(卵细胞的发生） is discontinuous and begins during fetal life.B.The secondary oocyte is arrested at the second meiotic （减数分裂） metaphase（中期） in ovulationC. Corona radiata（放射冠） and zona pellucida（透明带） accompanied oocyteD. Oocyte survive :1day Capacity of fertilization :12hours（2）受精 fertilization第9页/共35页A. Definition(定义): It is a process that the spermatozoon（精子） successfully. penetrates the oocyte （卵母细胞）and forms zygote(受精卵） B.Position(位置):the ampulla of the oviduct(