英语名词复习知识点讲义.pdfVIP

课题名称：英语语法复习要点 课型：语法课 讲授课 复习课 授课人： 授课时间： 授课班级： 教学重点：1）名词的数 2）名词的格 教学难点： 1 ）可数名词的数形变化 2）量化名词短语的数量规定 3）用with后置性定语结构的名词短语数量 4）and结构的’s所有格 5）零属格的视别及用法 课时安排：三课时 授课讲义资料： 见附页 名词的数 在英语中，名词是表示事物名称、人物名词或抽象概念的词，名词在英语句子中可以作主语，作宾语， 作表语的主要词类。名词语法内容主要包括名词的数和名词的格两大部分。 名语的数 在英语中名词运用时，主要要考虑该名语为可数名词还是不可数名词，可数名词应当采用 单数形式还是复数形式，以及名词短语作主语时与一定的谓语动词时态关系中要考虑到名词短语数量为 单数还是复数。就其它的名词相关分类方法，对于非专业的英语学习者来说，可以说没有太多的必要 性。 名词作主语时的单复数判断方法：一、以单数可数名词为中心的主语结构为单数,如, Generally speaking, a girl has longer hair than a boy ；二、以复数可数名词为中心的主语结构为复数,如，In spring, birds are singing happy in the trees ；三、以不可数名词为中心的主语结构为单数, Some good advice is necessary for us English learners ；四、复数量化的名词短语结构为复数, 如, three glasses of water, some boat of potatoes; 五、单数量化的名词短语结构为单数，如，a cup of milk, a bag of letters。 名语短语结构作主语时的单复数判断方法：一、A and B结构，若A=B时，视AB本身的数量决定，AB为 单数则主语结构为单数，如，My English teacher and class leader is a very kind girl. 或A不等于B时，主语 结构为复数，此种情况中一般不论名词为可数还是不可数，如，Water and air are both important for us. 此 外，A and B为成套用具时视主语结构为单数，这一点主要是西方文化中是固定表达习惯。 二、both A and B结构为复数, 如Both Tom and Peter like the Chinese language very much. 三、either A or B结构采用就 近一致原则决定主语数量, Either Tom or his parents have been to Shanghai China. 或Either Toms parents or he himself has been to Shanghai China. 四、neither A or B结构采用就近一致原则决定其主语数 量， 如, Neither the students in this class nor the math teacher of them has settled the difficult math problem. 或 Neither the math teacher of this class nor his students have settled the difficult math problem. 五、Not only A but also B结构采用就近一致原则决定主语数量，如Not only this book but many other books have discussed about this problem. 或 Not only many other books but also this book has discussed about this problem. 六、A together with B或A with B结构中由A决定主语数量，如，Tom together with his close friends often goes cycling around here. 七、A as well as B结构，由A决定主语数量，如，Li Hong as well as other members are very proud of having taken part in the content. 八、基数词+单位名语复数作主语时表示整体概念，一般视为 单数，如, Twenty years