上海交通大学《大学物理》课件-第15章磁场与物质的相互作用.pptVIP

磁介质在外磁场中发生的上述微观过程，会使介质内或介质表面上出现宏观电流。 Magnetization current 磁化电流 Magnetization 磁化 感应磁化 取向磁化 对于磁介质，可以不涉及磁化的微观过程，引用一个宏观物理量来描述介质磁化的程度。 磁化强度 magnetization 宏观小 微观大 §.2 磁化强度和磁化电流 The net molecular magnetic dipole moment per unit volume of the material Discussion (1) (2) Diamagnetic material Paramagnetic material Diamagnetic substances are repelled by one pole of a nearby bar magnet. Paramagnetic substances are attracted to one pole of a nearby bar magnet. Consider a cylinder of magnetized material. Leaving a net current on the surface of the material. Magnetization current 磁化电流 Because of cancellation of neighboring current loops, the net current at any point inside the material is zero. This surface current magnetization current. 磁化电流 PM 磁化电流线密度 PM q The relationship between and magnetic material vacuum 磁介质1 磁介质2 磁介质 真空 Gauss’s law in magnetic materials The magnetic field lines also form closed curves §.3 有磁介质时的高斯定理 磁介质1 磁介质2 Ampere’s law in magnetic materials Magnetic Intensity §.4 有磁介质时的安培环路定理 磁场强度 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第十五章 磁场与物质的相互作用 — 磁介质 §.1 磁介质对磁场的影响 §.2 磁化强度和磁化电流 §.3 有磁介质时的高斯定理 §.4 有磁介质时的安培环路定理 §.5 铁磁质 上海交通大学 Classical view of the atom: electron(s) in orbit around nucleus current loop The orbital angular momentum 磁偶极矩 轨道磁矩 轨道角动量 磁矩 magnetic moment §.1 磁介质对磁场的影响 the vector sum of magnetic dipole moment of all the electrons in the molecular Molecular magnetic dipole moment 分子磁矩 抗磁质 Diamagnetic material silver, copper, water, … In the absence of an external magnetic field , the vector sum of magnetic dipole moment of all the electrons in the molecular is zero. 铁磁质 Ferromagnetic material iron, cobalt, nickel, … In the absence of an external magnetic field , these materials contain molecules with permanent magnetic dipole moments. 固有磁矩 顺磁质 Paramagnetic material aluminum, tungsten, oxygen, … These material can produce a very strong contribution to the magnetic field. The m