专题11 定语从句 归纳总结 -高一寒假2022.docxVIP

专题11 定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语（即“先行词”）之后，由“关系词”引导。 一、定语从句“三要素” 1. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词 ★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 2. 关系词：引导定语的词 (1)关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词（替代作用） ②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用） ③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） (2)关系词的分类（根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分分） ①关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as） ②关系副词：在从句中作状语(when/where/why) 3. 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子 二、定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)。 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较： He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more sons) 表一 定语从句的分类 定语从句 作用 限制性定语从句 对先行词起限定修饰作用 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明作用 表二 定语从句关系词的分类 关系词 在从句中的成分 举例 关系代词 主语、宾语、表语、定语 that/which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词 状语 when/where/why 注：关系代词在从句中做主语时，应根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 三、关系代词的用法 1. 常见关系代词的用法 = 1 \* GB3 ① that：在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。指代人或物。 A plane is a machine that can fly. (做主语，指代物) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (做宾语，指代物) The modern plane is not the machine (that) it was when first invented. (做表语，指代物) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.（做主语，指代人） The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (做宾语，指代人) He is no longer a little boy (that) he used to be. (做表语，指代人) = 2 \* GB3 ② which：在从句中做主语或宾语，指代物。 They planted the trees which didn’t need Much water. （做主语） The fish (which) we bought were not He is fresh.（做宾语） = 3 \* GB3 ③ who：在从句中做主语，指代人。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. The boy who broke the window is called Wang Hua. = 4 \* GB3 ④ whom：在从句中做宾语，指代人。 The professor (whom) you mentioned hasn’t come yet. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. Mrs Brown is the professor to whom you should write. = 5 \* GB3 ⑤ whose：在从句中做表语。指代人或物。 Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher.（指代人） The novel whose cover