aminoacidsproteinsandenzymeshartnell氨基酸的蛋白质与酶.pptxVIP

AminoAcidsProteinsandEnzymesHartnell氨基酸的蛋白质与酶会计学Functions of Proteins第1页/共99页 Proteins perform many different functions in the body.Amino Acids第2页/共99页Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.contain a carboxylic acid group and an amino group on the alpha (?) carbon.are ionized in solution.each contain a different side group (R). Rside chain R │ + │ H2N—C —COOH H3N—C —COO? │ │ H H Zwitterion (ionized form)Types of Amino Acids第3页/共99页Amino acids are classified asnonpolar (hydrophobic) with hydrocarbon side chains.polar (hydrophilic) with polar or ionic side chains.acidic (hydrophilic) with acidic side chains.basic (hydrophilic) with –NH2 side chains.Nonpolar PolarAcidicBasic Copyright ? 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.Nonpolar Amino Acids第4页/共99页An amino acid is nonpolar when the R group is H, alkyl, or aromatic. Copyright ? 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.Polar Amino Acids第5页/共99页An amino acid is polar when the R group is an alcohol, thiol, or amide. Copyright ? 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.Acidic and Basic Amino Acids第6页/共99页An amino acid is acidic when the R group is a carboxylic acid.basic when the R group is an amine.Learning Check 第7页/共99页 Identify each as (1) polar or (2) nonpolar. + A. H3N–CH2–COO? Glycine CH3 | CH–OH + │ B. H3N–CH–COO ? ThreonineSolution 第8页/共99页 Identify each as (1) polar or (2) nonpolar. + A. H3N–CH2–COO? Glycine(2) nonpolar CH3 | CH–OH + │ B. H3N–CH–COO ? Threonine(1) polarCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHHNHHNHHNHHNH 2222CHCHCHSHCHSH 3322Fischer Projections of Amino Acids第9页/共99页Amino acids are chiral except glycine.have Fischer projections that are stereoisomers.that are L are the only amino acids used in proteins. L-AlanineD-AlanineL-CysteineD-CysteineZwitterions第10页/共99页A zwitterion has charged ?NH3+ and COO– groups.forms when both the –NH2 and the –COOH groups in an amino acid ionize in water.has equal + and – charges at the isoelectric point (pI). OO ║ + ║ NH2—CH2—C—OHH3N—CH2—C—