(数字化综合4)迈克尔逊干涉仪测空气折射率`.docVIP

实验四 用迈克尔逊干涉仪空气的折射率 一、实验目的 用分离的光学元件构建一个迈克尔逊干涉仪。 通过降低空气的压强测量其折射率。 二、仪器和光学元件 光学平台；HeNe激光；调整架，35x35mm；平面镜，30x30mm；磁性基座；分束器50:50；透镜，f=+20mm；白屏；玻璃容器，手持气压泵，组合夹具，T形连接，适配器，软管，硅管 三、实验原理 借助迈克尔逊干涉仪装置中的两个镜，光线被引进干涉仪。通过改变光路中容器内气体的压强，推算出空气的折射率。 If two Waves having the same frequency , but different amplitudes and different phases are coincident at one location , they superimpose to The resulting can be described by the followlng : w ith the amplitude (1) and the phase difference In a Michelson interferometer , the light beam is split by a half-silvered glass plate into two partial beams ( amplitude splitting ) , reflected by two mirrors , and again brought to interference behind the glass plate . Since only large luminous spots can exhibit circular interference fringes , the Iight beam is expanded between the laser and the glass plate by a lens L . If one replaces the real mirror M3 with its virtual image M3 /, , Which is formed by reflection by the glass plate , a point P of the real light source appears as the points P/ , and P of the virtual light sources Ll and L2 · Due to the different light paths , using the designations in Fig . 2 , 图 2 the phase difference is given by : （2） is the wavelength of the laser ljght used . According to ( 1 ) , the intensity distribution for is (3) Maxima thus occur when is equal to a multiple of ,hence with ( 2 ) ；m=1，2，….. ( 4 ) i. e . there are circular fringes for selected , fixed values of m , and d , since remains constant ( see Fig . 3 ) . If one alters the position of the movable mirror M3 ( cf.Fig.1 ) such that d,e.g.,decreases , according to ( 4 ) , the ciroular fringe diameter would also diminish since m is indeed defined for this ring . Thus , a ring disappears each time d is reduced by. For d = 0 the ciroular fringe pattern disappears . If the surfaces of mirrors M4 and M3 are not parallel in the sense of Fig . 2, one obtains curved fringes , which gradual