初中主谓一致的用法及专项练习题带答案.pdfVIP

主谓分歧的用法及专项练习题之杨若古兰创作 一、主谓分歧三准绳 主谓分歧是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上坚持分歧，主谓分歧必须遵守三准绳：语法分歧准绳，意义 分歧准绳，就近分歧准绳. 1. 语法分歧准绳：指主语是单数方式，谓语动词用单数方式，主语是复数方式，谓语也用复数方式. Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好先生. They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球. 2. 意义分歧：指主语方式上为单数，但意义为复数，是以谓语动词用复数方式；或主语方式上为复数,但 暗示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数方式. My family is having lunch now. 我们一家人此刻正吃午餐. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了. 3. 就近分歧：指谓语动词用单数方式还是用复数方式，取决于最靠近他的主语.例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不但老师爱好踢足球，而且他的先生也爱好踢足球. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书. 二、主谓分歧常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词) ，不成数名词作主语时，谓语用单数方式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数方式. The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的. Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里. The students are playing football on the playground. 这些先生正在操场上踢足球. 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“很多” ，但谓语要用单数方式. Many a student has been to Shanghai. 很多先生到过上海. 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数. More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个先生曾去过北京. 4. 暗示时间，价格，分量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个全体概念， 谓语用单数方式.例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假. Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20英镑其实不太重. Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里其实不是一段很长的距离. Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1. 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数. Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个坐位. Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作. 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数方式. One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了. 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数方式. To see is to believe. 目睹为实. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分无益. 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数. A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个先生考试不及格. 9. 当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词或介词短语时， 谓语动词用单数方式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词普通应与第一个名词分歧. Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰. Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样爱好踢足球. The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10