[厦大考研 细胞生物学]细胞分子生物学.pdfVIP

一 ．Cell division (细胞分裂) Cell can transmit copies of its genetic information to its daughter cells while the daughter cells can pass along the same genes inherited from their mother cell to anther cellular generation. This is called cell reproduction or cell division 二 ．Cell cycle and function The life of a cell begins with its formation by cell division of a mother cell and ends with either the formation of daughter cells or with its death. The stages through which a cell passes from one cell division to the next constitute （组 成）the cell cycle. The cell cycle can be divided into two stages: M phase and interphase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. G1 phase is the period following mitosis and preceding DNA synthesis. (first gap) S phase is the period of DNA replication and the cell synthesizes the additional histones G2 phase is the period following DNA synthesis and preceding the onset of mitosis (second gap) M phase includes the successive stages of mitosis (duplicated chromosome are separated into two nuclei) and cytokinesis (the cell divides into two daughter cells). M phase usually lasts only 30-60 minutes. 三. Three categories of cells: 1. Cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, or red blood cells, that are highly specialized and have lost the ability to divide. Once these cells have differentiated, they remain in that state until they die. 1 读万卷书 行万里路 2. Cells that normally do not divide but can be induced to begin DNA synthesis and divide when given an appropriate stimulus. Liver cells and lymphocytes. 3. Cells that normally possess a relatively high level of mitotic activ