Cognitive Disorders 课件 资料 文献.pptVIP

Cognitive Disorders0 Nature of Cognitive Disorders: An OverviewPerspectives on Cognitive DisordersAffect cognitive processes such as learning, memory, and consciousnessMost develop later in lifeThree Classes of Cognitive DisordersDelirium – Often temporary confusion and disorientationDementia – Degenerative condition marked by broad cognitive deteriorationAmnestic disorders – Memory dysfunctions caused by disease, drugs, or toxinsShifting DSM PerspectivesFrom “organic” mental disorders to “cognitive” disordersBroad impairments in memory, attention, perception, and thinkingProfound changes in behavior and personality0 Delirium: An Overview Nature of DeliriumCentral features – Impaired consciousness and cognitionImpairments develop rapidly over several hours or daysExamples include confusion, disorientation, attention, memory, and language deficitsFacts and StatisticsAffects 10% to 30% of persons in acute care facilities Most prevalent in older adults, AIDS patients, and medical patients Full recovery often occurs within several weeks0 Medical Conditions Related to Delirium Medical ConditionsDrug intoxication, poisons, withdrawal from drugsInfections, head injury, and several forms of brain traumaSleep deprivation, immobility, and excessive stressDSM-IV and DSM-IV Subtypes of Delirium Delirium due to a general medical conditionSubstance-induced deliriumDelirium due to multiple etiologiesDelirium not otherwise specified0 Treatment and Prevention of Delirium TreatmentAttention to precipitating medical problemsPsychosocial interventions include reassurance, coping strategiesPreventionAddress proper medical care for illnessesAddress proper use and adherence to therapeutic drugs0 Dementia: An OverviewNature of DementiaGradual deterioration of brain functioningAffects judgment, memory, language, and advanced cognitive processesDementia has many causes and may be reversible or irreversible Progression of Dementia: Initial StagesMemory impairment, visuospatial skills def