数量经济学课件-抽样技术.pptVIP

Nonprobability Sampling Methods非概率抽样方法 Convenience Samples（便利样本） Nonprobability samples used primarily because they are easy to collect. Judgment Samples（判断样本） Nonprobability samples in which the selection criteria are based on personal judgment that the element is representative of the population under study. Nonprobability Sampling Methods Quota Samples（配额样本） Nonprobability samples in which population subgroups are classified on the basis of researcher judgment. Snowball Samples（滚雪球样本） Nonprobability samples in which selection of additional respondents is based on referrals from the initial respondents. 本节小结（1） The population, or universe, is the total group of people in whose opinions one is interested. A census involves collecting desired information from all the members of the population of interest. A sample is simply a subset of a population. 本节小结（2） Probability sampling methods are selected in such a way that every element of the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection. Nonprobability sampling methods include all methods that select specific elements from the population in a nonrandom manner. 确定概率抽样的样本容量 确定样本容量的方法 抽样分布 二、确定样本含量 本节概要（1） To learn the financial and statistical issues in the determination of sample size. To discover the methods for determining sample size. To gain an appreciation of a normal distribution. 本节概要（2） To understand population, sample, and sampling distribution. To distinguish between point and interval estimates. To recognize problems involving sampling means and proportions. Determining Sample Size for Probability Samples确定概率抽样的样本容量 The process of determining sample size for probability samples involves financial, statistical, and managerial issues. Other things being equal, the larger the sample, the less the sampling error. Methods for Determining Sample Size确定样本容量的方法 Budget Available 可支配预算 Rules of Thumb 单凭经验的做法 Number of Subgroups to be Analyzed Often, sample size for a project is determined, at lea