国际经济学：理论与政策（第十一版）保罗·R.克鲁格曼-C09_Krugman_11e.pptxVIP

International Economics: Theory and PolicyEleventh EditionChapter 9The instruments of Trade PolicyCopyright ? 2018, 2015, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives9.1 Evaluate the costs and benefits of tariffs, their welfare effects, and winners and losers of tariff policies.9.2 Discuss what export subsidies and agricultural subsidies are, and explain how they affect trade in agriculture in the United States and the European Union.9.3 Recognize the effect of voluntary export restraints (VERs) on both importing and exporting countries, and describe how the welfare eff