高考高中定语从句知识点汇总.docxVIP

定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 区别： 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后会影响整个句子 意思的表达 不用逗号分开 可用关系代词that 关系代词可省略（that,which,who在从句中作 宾语可以省略） 关系代词可以替代，whom 作宾语时可用who 或 that替代 读时不停顿 只可以修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子 非限制性定语从句的特殊情况 有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同 There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词 that和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法1.which,that which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与 who ，whom 互换；指物可与which 互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom 作宾语，不能用who 代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或 those时，关系代词用who ；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用 who 。 whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+ 名词=限定词+名词+of which=of whic限h+定词+名词The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours. as 作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 一般用于such...a、s the same...a、s as...a结s 构中，表示“像”的意思 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before. He is not the same man as he was. the same...as/tha和t.s.u.ch...as/that ①the same...as/that... as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought. that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day. ②such...as/that as引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think. that引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him. as和 which 的区别 ①④⑤⑥⑦⑧ 都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换 ②as 引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which 只能位于主句之后 ③ 当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用which 来引导He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all. He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy. ④ 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as不用 which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which 作主语 She passed the exam, as was expected. Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy. ⑤ 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，通常用wh