分子生物学的发展历史.pptxVIP

第1页/共40页分子生物学的发展历史第2页/共40页1.1. 分 子 生 物 学 的 概 念What is Molecular biology ?第3页/共40页What is Molecular biology ?The term has more than one definition.Define in broadly： understand biological phenomena in molecular terms (difficult to distinguish from biochemistry)Define in restrictively： the study of gene structure and their activities in molecular level第4页/共40页遗传学（genetics）生物化学（biochemistry）分子生物学（molecular biology）第5页/共40页1.2. 分子生物学发展简史第6页/共40页Transmission Genetics传递遗传学第7页/共40页In 1865, Gregor Mendel published Mendelian inheritance (孟德尔遗传定律 ).Inheritance occurred through blending of each trait of the parents in the offspring. Inheritance is particulate（微粒，微粒的）. Each parent contributes particles, or genetic units, to the offspring.1822-1884garden pea/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.html第8页/共40页In 1910, Thomas Hunt Morganprovided the first definitive evidence for the Chromosome theory of inheritance 1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning the role played by the Chromosome in heredity（遗传） , demonstrated that genes are on the chromosome1866-1945fruit fly ( Drosophia melanogaster ) /medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-bio.html第9页/共40页Molecular GeneticsWhat genes are made of and how they work?第10页/共40页The discovery of DNA1869, Friedrich Miescher discovered nuclein and the major component of nuclein is DNA. 1844-1895http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/index2.html第11页/共40页The Composition of Genes1944, Oswald Avery demonstrated that the chromosome is composed of DNA.Not RNA or protein ! 1877-1955 Frederick Griffith 肺炎球菌转化试验/dnaftb/concept_17/con17bio.html第12页/共40页How does genes work?1902, Archibald Garrod, alcaptonuria（尿黑酸症）George Beadle and E.L.Tatum, Neurospora（脉孢菌属/链孢菌属）one-gene/one-enzyme hypothesisMost genes contain the information for making one polypeptide.第13页/共40页The overall structure of DNA1951 James Watson (23y)丹麦 哥本哈根剑桥大学 Cavendish Lab.Francis Crick (35y)1953, double helix第14页/共40页Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structur