英语状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语的概念.docVIP

英语状语-表语-宾语-补语-定语的概念 一、状语 状语的功能：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 　　状语一般由副词、 介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 　　副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 　　1.副词一般在 句子中做状语． 　　He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。 　　He is playing under the tree.他在树下玩儿.中的under the tree是地点状语. 　　2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 　　I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 　　3.介词短语 　　Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 　　The boy was praised for his bravery. 　　4.从句作 状语 　　When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. 　　If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 　　5. 分词作状语 　　Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 　　Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. 　　6.词组作状语 　　She jumped ten feet. 她跳了十英尺远。 二、表语 在 形式上，位于 系动词后的就是表语。从 含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的 语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于 连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 　　Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的 物理学家。 三、宾语 2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？-- Me. --我。 （me做主语补语= Its me.）3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语）约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。二、宾语的补语1.不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。We made him copy the sentence.He is made to copy the sentence.I felt my hands tremble.2.名词At the meeting we elected him monitor.I think your brother a clever boy.3.形容词What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty4.副词Please call the students back at once.He was seen to take his cap off.5.现在分词We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed, sleeping.6.过去分词He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard it spoken of in the next room. 五、定语 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、 介词短语、 动