心理学专业英语.ppt

第一页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 Paragraph 2 Questions: 1.what is memory? 2.which realm did memory belong to in the late 19th and early 20th century? 3.what is cognitive neuroscience? The definition of Memory : Memory is an organism’s ability to store, retain, and subsequently retrieve information.Cognitive psychologists study memory as a type of information processing. 第二页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 Paragraph 3: the main stages of memory Questions:what are the main stages in the formation and retrival of memory? and explain them. Three main stages: Encoding: processing information into memory Storage: a creation of a permanent record of the encoded information Retrieval: a process that relies on the cues and stimuli from the environment. encoding storage retrieval or recall 第三页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 Classification of memory 1、explicit memory (外显记忆) : involving conscious effort implicit memory(内隐记忆)：unconscious memory 第四页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 2、declarative memory （陈述性记忆）:memory for facts procedural memory（程序性记忆）: memory for how to perform skills 3、sensory memory（感觉记忆） short-term memory（短时记忆） long-term memory（长时记忆） 第五页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 Paragraph 5 : sensory memory Questions:1.what is sensory memory? 2.The duration of iconic memory and echoic memory. Definition: sensory memory refers to the initial, momentary recording of information in our sensory systems. Sensory memory systems have large capacity but very short duration. Two main types: 1. iconic memory（映像记忆）:momentarily preserves the visual world. 2.echoic memory（回声记忆）:holds auditory stimuli 第六页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 第七页，共十四页，2022年，8月28日 Paragraph 6:short-term memory Questions: 1.what is short-term memory? 2.how can we increase the memory capacity? Definition: Short-term memory (STM) has a limited capacity and lasts only briefly without rehearsal. Maintenance rehearsal can extend the presence of material in STM indefinitely. 短时记忆容量有限，在不复述的情况下，保存时间很短。保持复述可以在一定程度上延长短时记忆材料的保留。 STM