环境风险评估的原则.pptVIP

Hazard危害 Multi species laboratory ecotoxicity testing is used to confirm the anticipated spectrum of activity and hazard to non-target organisms 多品种实验室生态毒性测试被用来确认对非目标生物 体活性和危害性的预测范围 Selection of appropriate surrogate species for testing should consider activity profile, host crop, and environment where deployed 为测试选择合适的替代品种需要考虑活性描述,宿主农 作物和种植的环境 第三十页，共三十六页。 examples of ecotoxicity tests and supporting ecological data生态毒性测试的例子和支持的生态数据 core 核心的 acute avian 鸟类 acute fish 鱼类 acute invertebrate 无脊椎动物 honey bee larvae 蜜蜂的幼虫 parasitic hymenoptera 寄生的膜翅目昆虫 lady beetle 甲虫 collembola 跳虫 soil degradation 土壤变质 supplemental 补充的 activity spectrum 活性范围 acute mammalian 哺乳动物 chronic avian 鸟类 earthworm 蚯蚓 butterfly 蝴蝶 field census 田地普查 field fate 田地灾祸 others … 其他... 第三十一页，共三十六页。 Exposure暴露 On the basis of expression data determine 在表达式数据的基础上决定 High End Exposure Estimates (HEEE) in plant tissues, and 农作物组织的高端暴露估计(HEEE) Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EEC) in soil and water 土壤和水的预测的环境浓度(EEC) Use for comparison against hazard testing results (multi species ecotoxicity tests) 被用来和危害测试结果作比较(多品种生态毒性测试) Exposure estimates are meant to represent the upper bound (90th percentile) of reasonably anticipated environmental concentrations 暴露预测是用来代表对环境浓度合理期望的上限(90%) 第三十二页，共三十六页。 Risk = f (hazard, exposure)风险 = 函数(危害, 暴露) Quantitatively describe risk as a function of exposure and hazard 定量地把风险定义为暴露和危害的函数 For GE crops this is typically done by considering the relationship of the limit dose used in ecotoxicity studies to the appropriate HEEE or EEC 对于转基因农作物, 函数可通过分析生态毒性测试 使用的限制剂量和适当的高端暴露估计或者预测的环境 浓度之间的关系来确定 第三十三页，共三十六页。 confirmation of the adequacy of risk characterization确认风险描述的充分性 correspondence of product specific results 产品特定结果的一致性 with general understanding for the donor, host, and product class being considered 对供给者,宿主和所考虑的产品类型的一般理解 internal consistency/directional correctness 内部的一致性 / 定向的正确性 of overall product and risk characterization 总体的产品和风险描述 ability to charact