膜结构及其转运功能.pptxVIP

膜结构及其转运功能;厦门大学医学院 戚 智;Size of the cells;Cell Diversity;第5页/共41页;一. 细胞膜的分子结构;如何用最简单的办法证明细胞膜是单分子层、双分子层还是多分子层结构？;FLUID- because individual phospholipids and proteins can move side-to-side within the layer, like it’s a liquid. MOSAIC- because of the pattern produced by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above.;磷脂Phospholipids ;（二）细胞膜的蛋白Membrane Proteins;（三）细胞膜的糖类Membrane carbohydrates ;Membrane Structure: Protein to Lipid Ratio varies from cell type to cell type;二、跨细胞膜的物质转运;（一）单纯扩散Simple Diffusion-Requires NO energy;第15页/共41页;第16页/共41页;第17页/共41页;; Gating（门控）: 1)Voltage-gated ion channel 2)Chemically-gated ion channel 3)Mechanically-gated ion channel;2. 经载体易化扩散 Facilitated diffusion via carrier;经载体易化扩散的特点： ①顺浓度差转运,速度比依溶质物理特性预期的快(move solutes faster across membrane); ②饱和现象(saturation); ③结构特异性 (highly specific to specific solutes); ④竞争抑制competitive inhibition;（三）主动转运 active transport;钠泵抑制剂: 哇巴因ouabain;①胞内高钾,为代谢提供必需条件（e.g.,核糖体合成蛋白）; ②维持胞质渗透压和细胞容积的稳定; ③是细胞产生生物电的前提条件； ④生电性(排出3Na+,转入2K+)作用,增大膜内负电位,影响静息电位的数值； ⑤建立钠的跨膜浓度梯度，为继发性主动转运提供动力（Na+-H+交换， Na+-Ca2+交换）。 ;同向转运体 （ Symporter） 反向转运体 （ Antiporter）;（1）同向转运;（1）同向转运;（1）反向转运;肠黏膜上皮细胞葡萄糖继发性主动转运模式图;How about large molecules?;30;31;Exocytosis: regulated and constitutive secretion. During secretion, vesicles derived from the trans face of the Golgi complex will fuse with the plasma membrane, dumping their contents into the extracellular environment. In constitutive secretion, secretory vesicles are continuously delivered to the plasma membrane, where they rapidly fuse with the membrane. In regulated secretion, the vesicles derived from the trans face of the Golgi complex aggregate and concentrate their contents in the cytoplasm, where they remain until the cell has received the appropriate signal. Then, the secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. The contents of these two classes of secretory vesicles are distinct.;（1） Phagocytosis （吞噬）;34;Cell forms an invagination Materials di