棉花冠层叶片与非叶绿色器官光合能力的空间变化及对水分.docx

棉花冠层叶片与非叶绿色器官光合能力的空间变化及对水分 摘要： 棉花作为全球重要的经济作物之一，在过去的几十年里，其种植面积和产量不断增长。因此研究棉花的植物生理和生态环境特点，对优化棉花产量和质量具有重要意义。本研究通过对棉花冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官（如枝条、花粉、果实）的光合能力进行测定，探究它们的空间变化，并分析它们在不同水分条件下的响应。 结果显示，棉花冠层叶片的光合速率和气孔导度随着位置的变化呈现明显的梯度性差异。在同一水分条件下，冠层顶部叶片的光合速率和气孔导度都比底部叶片高，且差异在中午时最为明显。非叶绿色器官的光合速率也呈现出空间梯度性差异，但相对于冠层叶片而言差异较小。较高的水分条件下，棉花冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均较高；而在较干旱的条件下，它们的光合能力和水分利用效率均下降。 综上所述，冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官的光合能力在空间上存在明显的梯度性差异，不同位置之间的生理差异受到水分和光照等环境因素的影响。这些结果为棉花的生产管理和优化提供了参考和依据。 关键词：棉花；冠层叶片；非叶绿色器官；光合速率；气孔导度；水分利用效率 Abstract: Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in the world, and its planting area and yield have been increasing in recent decades. Therefore, studying the physiological and ecological characteristics of cotton is of great significance for optimizing cotton yield and quality. In this study, the photosynthetic ability of cotton canopy leaves and non-chlorophyll organs (such as branches, pollen, and fruits) was measured to explore their spatial variations and their responses under different water conditions. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of cotton canopy leaves exhibited a significant gradient difference with location. Under the same water condition, the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the top leaves of the canopy were higher than those of the bottom leaves, and the difference was most obvious at noon. The photosynthetic rate of non-chlorophyll organs also showed a spatial gradient difference, but the difference was smaller than that of the canopy leaves. Under relatively high water conditions, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of cotton canopy leaves and non-chlorophyll organs were all higher; while under relatively dry conditions, their photosynthetic ability and water use efficiency decreased. In conclusion, the photosynthetic ability of canopy leaves and non-chlorophyll organs showed a significant gradient difference in space, and the physiological differences between differen