+Unit+4+动词不定式作定语和状语【核心素养提升+备课精讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册.pptxVIP

Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures-动词不定式作定语和状语 To live abroad is not easy.She planned to visit her parents next week.The question is how to get there.The first person to come is Mr. Brown.He went to France to learn French.His father encouraged him to find a new job.主语宾补状语观察下面句子并分析划线部分在句中所作的成分。宾语表语定语 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种, 没有人称和数的变化, 在句中不能独立作谓语。 动词不定式既有名词、形容词和副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、动词不定式 主动语态被动语态意义一般式to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后进行式to be doing表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行完成式to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式to have been doing表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时不定式符号to可省略。否定形式: not to + 动词原形动词不定式的结构 =We must find a person who can do the homework.We must find a person to do the homework.动词不定式作定语, 一般放在被修饰的名词、代词的后面, 多表示将来的动作, 可转化为定语从句。二、动词不定式作定语 构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系We must find a person to do the homework.There are lots of interesting things to see. I have no time to go there.They got the order to leave the city.动词不定式作定语, 不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系、动状关系或同位关系。主谓关系(主动)动宾关系(被动)同位关系动状关系 动词不定式作定语的情况1. 当名词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the next, the last, the right, the best修饰, 常用动词不定式作定语。该名词为不定式的执行者时, 用动词不定式主动形式, 名词为不定式的承受者时, 用to be done(被动形式)。You are the only person to be late.This is the third question to be discussed. In the past, women had no chance to go to school.The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2. 当被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用动词不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有： ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, promise, attempt, way等。 3. 当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时, 常用动词不定式作定语。Do you have anything to say?There is nothing to worry about.I want to get something to drink. 1. 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等, 不定式后面须有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.?Here is some paper for you to write on.?特别提醒 2. 当动词不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系, 且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, 该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义; 如果没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁是, 则不定式应使用被动形式。I have something to type.?Boss, do you have anything to be typed??特别提醒 动词不定式