外研版高中英语必修3课件：Module 6 Section Two Grammar.pptVIP

Module 6 Old and New;Non-defining attributive clauses;Read the sentences and find out the differences between them.;定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：;This is the house which we bought last month.　（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性）; 1. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 　　　 2. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　　　　 3. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. ;3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 　　　 ;Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不 能引导非限制性定语从句.;Sun Yat-sen, who became President of the Republic of China in 1912, died in 1925. The building of the Grand Canal, which is the world’s longest canal, began in 486 BC. The section of the canal, which was built in the seventh century, was mainly used for rice transportation.;The Yangtze river, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the third longest river in the world. The Three Gorges Dam, which will generate a large amount of energy, is the biggest construction project in China. Mao Zedong, who is a great leader of China, wrote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River.;限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别;1. 限制性定语从句修饰前面的名词，使其有别于其他同类名词，可以清楚表达所修饰名词的特征。;2. 非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不做限定性描述，仅作说明和补充。;比较以下句子:;3. 在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。;Contraction of attributive clauses;有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句的缩略。;有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（who, which, that）和部分谓语（am, is, are, were)等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。例如： 1) I know the men (who are) sitting in that car. ;2) The boys helped the people (that were) hurt in the accident. 3) The problem (which is) bothering everybody is the lack of money. 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel.;有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。