实习五岩浆岩.pptxVIP

实习五岩浆岩第1页/共46页 How to Identify RocksRocks can be classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to the manner in which they were formed. Their specific characteristics depend on the minerals that constitute them. Based on this information, it is possible to know how rocks gained their color, texture, and crystalline structure. With a little experience and knowledge, people can learn to recognize and identify some of the rocks that they often see.第2页/共46页 ColorThe color of a rock is determined by the color of the minerals that compose it. Some colors are generated by the purity of the rock, whereas others are produced by the impurities present in it. Marble, for instance, can have different shades if it contains impurities.第3页/共46页 TextureTexture refers to the size and arrangement of grains that form a rock. The grains can be thick, fine, or even imperceptible. There are also rocks, such as conglomerates, whose grains are formed by the fragments of other rocks. The texture is a small-scale property of a rock, but determined many of its large-scale properties.第4页/共46页 Mineral CompositionRocks are natural combinations of two or more minerals. The properties of rocks will change in accordance with their mineralogical composition. For instance, granite contains quartz, feldspar, and mica; the absence of any of these elements would result in a different rock.第5页/共46页 The Three Great Rock Families三大岩类：Sedimentary：沉积岩 Has obvious stratification 层理 Very soft (easily scratched by a knife) 软 Obviously made of particles cemented together 碎屑被胶结在一起 Contains fossils 化石第6页/共46页 Igneous-Volcanic火山岩Contains numerous bubble-like cavities that may or may not be lined with minerals 气孔Has obvious bubbly or frothy texture 气孔Is fine-grained, uniform in texture, and hard 细粒、均匀、坚硬 Glassy or highly vesicular rocks are almost always igneous 第7页/共46页 Igneous-Plutonic侵入岩Made of discrete mineral grains locked together (may be loosened by weathering) Contains large