麻醉的气道管理.pptx

麻醉的气道管理第1页/共13页 Airway Management第2页/共13页 Topics for DiscussionAirway Maintenance ObjectivesAirway AP ReviewCauses of Respiratory Difficulty DistressAssessing Respiratory FunctionMethods of Airway ManagementMethods of Ventilatory ManagementCommon Out-of-Hospital Equipment UtilizedAdvanced Methods of Airway Mgmt VentilationsRisks to the Paramedic第3页/共13页 Objectives of Airway Management VentilationPrimary Objective:Ensure optimal ventilationDeliver oxygen to the bloodEliminate carbon dioxide (C02) from the bodyDefinitionsWhat is Airway Management?How does it differ from spontaneous, manual or assisted Ventilations?第4页/共13页 Objectives of Airway Management VentilationWhy is this so important?Brain death occurs rapidly; Other tissue followsEMS providers can reduce additional injury/diseaseEMS providers often neglect BLS airway ventilation skills第5页/共13页 Airway Anatomy ReviewAnatomy of the Upper AirwayAnatomy of the Lower AirwayLung Capacities/VolumesPediatric Airway Differences第6页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper AirwayFunctions: Warm, Filter, HumidifyNasopharynxformed by union of facial bonesnasal floor towards ear not eyelined with mucous membranes and ciliatissues are delicate and vascular第7页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper AirwayOropharynxTeethTongueLg muscle attached at mandible and hyoid bonesMost common airway obstructionPalateRoof of mouthSeparates oro- nasopharynxAnterior=hard palate; Posterior=soft palate第8页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper AirwayOropharynxAdenoidslymph tissue - filters bacteriacommonly infectedEpiglottisPrevents aspirationDirects air vs. otherVallecula“pocket” formed by the base of tongue epiglottis第9页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper Airway第10页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper AirwaySinusescavities formed by cranial bonesact as tributaries for fluid to from eustachian tubes tear ductstrap bacteria, commonly infected第11页/共13页 Anatomy of the Upper AirwayLarynxattached to hyoid bonehyoid: horseshoe shaped bone (cartilage)hyoid supports tracheathyroid cartilagefirst trac