人民大2023张道真英语语法（第三版）（精华版）课件Chapter 17.pptx

张道真英语语法A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR 精华版第三版桂林学院英语语法教师团队 谓语 Chapter 17 一、谓语的类型 （1）概念：① 广义的谓语：指主语之外包括动词在内的部分，主语是句子的主题，谓语指关于主语的情况：主语 谓语 The house is very old.This supermarket sells all kinds of things.The tree was blown down during the storm. 1.1 谓语 (predicate) 及谓语的类型 ② 狭义的谓语：主要指动词，不包括宾语和状语。我们这里讨论的谓语是指狭义的谓语。谓语不等同于动词，却包含动词在内，谓语有时指一个动词，如：Time flies!但在很多情况下谓语包含几个词，如：He doesn’t live here now.（2）谓语主要有两种类型：① 简单谓语 (simple predicate) ② 复合谓语 (compound predicate) 1.1 谓语 (predicate) 及谓语的类型 凡是由一个动词（包括动词短语和短语动词）构成的，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语： They have been working on the project for many years. 1.2 简单谓语 二、复合谓语 （1）由情态动词 + 动词原形构成或由不定式和另外的词构成：We used to work in the same department. （2）很多带复合宾语的句子在变为被动结构后，里面包含了一个复合谓语：They were forced to work long hours.2.1 第一类复合谓语 （1）由“系动词 + 表语”构成：Ann seems happy.（2）由“不及物动词 + 形容词/名词”构成作用接近表语，说明主语的状态或特征。从这个意义上说，它们也是一种复合谓语。也有些语法学家把这种结构称为双谓语 (double predicate)。She sat silent in the corner.（3）某些带形容词或名词的复合宾语，在变为被动结构时，也可形成复合谓语：They are considered underpaid.2.2 第二类复合谓语 三、表语 （1）名词： What nationality is this man? （2）代词：Oh, that’s nothing.（3）数词：You’ll be the first to speak. （4）形容词：She looked nervous and apologetic. 3.1 表语表示法 （5）分词：The year’s sales figures are quite encouraging.（6）动名词： Her hobby is painting. （7）不定式：My plan was to go from Egypt to India.（8）副词：She’ll be along in a minute. 3.1 表语表示法 （9）介词短语：The proof of the pudding is in the eating.（10）词组：They are twice the size of chickens. （11）从句：Sophia’s idea was that they should lock up the house.3.1 表语表示法 3.2 用名词或代词作表语（1）有很多系动词后可用名词作表语： It’s becoming a pretty serious problem. （2）用代词作表语的情况也不少：He is somebody in his own town but just a nobody here. 3.3 用形容词作表语（1）后可以跟许多形容词，如：feel well (miserable, uncomfortable, sick, bad, cross, gloomy, shy, weak, etc.)look pretty (nice, tired, nervous, strong, healthy, well, young, good, fat, awful, etc.)（2）有些系动词后只能跟少数形容词，如：turn pale (red, pink, grey, green, sour, cold, chilly, etc.)fall asleep (sick, silent, ill, flat, sho