生物入侵的影响是否准确可知_.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2020, 28 (2): 253–255 doi: 10.17520/biods.2020008 Biodiversity Science •论坛• 生物入侵的影响是否准确可知? 何维明* ( 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093) 摘要: 生物入侵常常带来一系列负面影响, 如物种快速丧失、巨大经济损失、生态公益急剧降低、不可逆环境破 坏等。正是这些负面影响引起科技界、政府和公众对生物入侵的极大关注。因此, 准确量化生物入侵的影响非常 重要。然而, 广泛使用的生物入侵影响评估方法存在两个严重缺陷: 一是缺乏真实对照, 二是包含非入侵效应。这 两个缺陷使得人们对生物入侵影响的了解相对粗略。为此, 作者提出两点建议: 一是在实验条件下设置真实对照, 二是考虑同步对照。评估方法的完善将有助于人们更加准确地理解生物入侵的影响。 关键词: 生物入侵; 生物入侵影响; 评估方法; 真实对照; 同步对照 Biological invasions: Are their impacts precisely knowable or not? * Weiming He State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 Abstract : Biological invasions are ubiquitous worldwide and have demonstrable negative impacts (e.g., rapid biodiversity losses, substantial economic losses, decreased ecosystem services, and irreversible 坛 environmental damage). Quantifying the impacts of biological invasions is among the core questions in 论 invasion biology, and also a practical issue in ecosystem management. Existing approaches have two serious shortcomings: (1) the absence of true controls and (2) the presence of confounding non-invasion effects. These approaches, therefore, cannot precisely quantify the impacts of biological invasions in the field. Here, I explicitly highlight these long-overlooked drawbacks when quantifying invasion impacts, and propose two potential solutions : (1) creating true controls at the beginning of studies and (2) considering a “synchronous control” over the course of an experiment. These solutions might help us to precisely understand the impacts of biological invasions. Key words: asse