国际贸易实务.docxVIP

Chapter3 Needs of cargo packaging: Protective function. Loading and transpot function. Stowage function. Promotion function. Factors influencing types of cargo packaging for international consignments: Nature of cargo: Packaging should be designed according to the need of the cargo. Transport: A.consider the nature of transit. B.the cargo measurement. C.the types of hazard a shipment is likely to encounter. Customs or statutory requirements: it is particularly relevant to dangerous cargoes to which strict regulations apply concerning acceptance, packaging, stowage, documentation, marking and carrier liability. Insurance acceptance conditions Cost:maximum protection and minimize transporation costs by using lightweight,least bulky materials Ease of handling and stowage Improvement:1.The standards of packaging(reduce risks of danage and pilferage) The utilization of transport capacity(be maximized to lower distribution cost) Design of cargo packaging(facilitate the most economical method of hangding) The packaging cost(be minimized provided that the packaging is adequate) Types of packaging: Bale:a heap of material pressed together and tied with rope or metal wire.It is an effective,low-cost,easy-to-handle,but it offer limited protection to cargoes. Bags:made of cotton,plastic,paper or jute. 优 low cost 缺 vulnerability to damage. 3.Barrel/Drum:made of wood,plastic,metal.Used for liquid or greasy cargo.优 resale value 缺 a metal drum can get rusty. Box/case:made of wood and waries in size.优resale value and protection for expensive cargoes 缺 high cost. Class container:used for dangerous liquid cargoes.it protects works and transport vehicles.but requires more careful handling. Carton:for consumer products. 优 relatively inexpensive,expandable,easy to handle and stow. 缺 their susceptibility to crushing and pilferage. 7.Crate/Skeleton case:halfway between a bale and a case and has a wooden structure.used for lightweight goods of large cubic capacity(machinery,domestic appli