生理学英文课件(肾上腺激素)Adrenocortical-Hormones.pptVIP

Chapter 77Adrenocortical HormonesMain Points:I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical HormonesII Functions of the following hormones * Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids AndrogensIII Regulation of Cortisol Secretion CortexAnatomy and Histology of Adrenal Gland (Mineralocorticoids)(Glucocorticoids)(Androgens)(Epinephrine Norepinephrine)Hormones Secreted from each layer in Cortex and Medulla of Adrenal I Synthesis and Secretion of Adrenocortical HormonesAdrenocortical Hormones are steroids derived from Cholesterol in distinct cortex layers which contain different enzymes.Following being secreted into the plasma, adrenocortical hormones binds proteins (such as cortisol-binding globulin, transcortin and albumin) II Functions of Glucocorticoids Effect on Metabolism (Carbohydrate, Protein Fat) Resisting Stress Other Effects (Blood and Immunity etc)Cortisol/Hydrocortisone (95%)Corticosterone Stimulation of GluconeogenesisDecreased Glucose UtilizationCarbohydrate Metabolism(Adrenal Diabetes --- insensitive to Insulin)Serum Glucose↑ Protein Metabolism Reduction in Cellular Protein, especially in muscle (Synthesis↓ and Catabolism↑) Increment in liver and plasma protein Fat MetabolismMobilization of Fatty Acids --- Shift the Cellular Utilization of glucose to fatty acid for energy. (Slow developed but important for long-term conservation of glucose and glycogen)Peculiar Obesity result from Excess Cortisol !!!??? Buffalo-like TorsoPurple Stripe‘Moon’ face Many types of stress increase cortisol releaseResist StressStress induced Rapid mobilization of amino acids and fats for energy and synthesis of other substances. Other Effects Blood system (Increase red blood cells; Decrease immunocyte ) Anti-inflammation; Anti-AllergyPreventable effectsReduce established Infla.Arthritis, Rheumatic etc Circulation system (Permissive effect) Nerve system (Enhance Excitability; Memory) Respiratory system (Lung maturation and Su