中考英语总复习语法专题讲义专题11 动词的语态.docxVIP

专题十一 动词的语态 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 年份 考查角度 动词的时态和语态的用法 / / 动词的时态和 语态的用法 考查重点 一般过去时的被动语态 / / 一般过去时的 被动语态 题号 分值 2019 25 1 2019 年毕节中考命题预测 预计 2019 年毕节中考 对动词的语态的考查仍 是重点 ， 倾向于考查动 2019 2019 / / / / 2019 25 1 2019 / / / / 词被动语态的用法，主 要以单项填空、完形填空、短文改错的形式出现，考查的小题数约 3—4 道。 毕节中考考点突破 动词的语态 动词语态的分类 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如： Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese 是动词 speak 的承受者) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词(用 done 表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动语态结构及情态 动词的被动语态如下： 时态 一般现在时一般过去时 一般将来时  被动语态结构am/is/are＋ 过去分词 was/were＋ 过去分词 shall/will be＋过去分词或  例句 Chinese is spoken by many people. Chinese was spoken by many people. Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be 过去将来时(不常考) am/is/are going to be＋过去分词 spoken by many people. Chinese would be spoken by would be＋过去分词或 was/were many people.或：Chinese was 现在进行时(不常考) 续表 going to be＋过去分词 am/is/are being＋过去分词 going to be spoken by many people. Chinese is being spoken by many people. 时态 时态 被动语态结构 例句 第 1 页 过去进行时 过去 进行时 (不常 考) 现在完成时(不常 考) 过去完成时(不常 考) 含有情态动词的被动 语态 was/were being＋过去分词 Chinese was being spoken by many people. has/have＋been＋过去分词 Chinese has been spoken by many people. had＋been＋过去分词 Chinese had been spoken by many people. 情态动词＋be＋过去分词 Chinese must be spoken by many people. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 图示： 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。(3)变换步骤： ①将主动句的宾语变为主语。 如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him.→He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。 ②将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。 be 动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如： They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 ③将主动语态的主语改为“by…”，放在谓语动词后。如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如： He sang a song.→A song was sung by him.他唱了一首歌。 常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构 含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如： Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。 主动语态中有些感官动词 (如：hear，see，watch 等)后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号 to 还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如： We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was h