现在完成时的用法讲解.doc

现在完成时 1、概述 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果，现在完成时着眼点是现在。现在完成时常与不确定的过去时间状语，如：just, yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示濒度的时间状语连用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, today, this morning, this year, this month等，但不能同特定的时间状语连用（in 1993, last year等）。 I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.我想知道詹尼最近为什么没有写信来。到现在早该收到他的信了。 The price has gone down, but I doubt whether it will remain so.价格已经下跌，但我怀疑这能持续多长时间。 2、构成 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。其肯定、否定疑问形式如下： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I(We,You,They)have read it. I(We,You,They)have not read it. Have you (they, we, I)read it ? He(She)has read it. He(She)has not read it. Has he(she)read it? 注意：have not常简写为简略为havent, has not简略为hasnt. -How are you today? 你今天感觉好吗？ -Oh , I havent felt as ill as I do now for a very long time.好长一段时间以来，我没有像今天这样难受了。 —Have you seen my glasses? 你看见我的眼镜了么？ —Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. 是的，我刚才看见你的眼镜在你的床上。 When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages, but I have forgotten all except a few words of each.我在大学读书时说三种外语，但现在除了几个单词外都忘光了。3、现在完成时的用法 （1）表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，arrive, become, begin, break等。这种用法可带有迄今意义的时间状语，如up to now, so far, already, not...yet等。也可带有包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。 I have already posted the photoes.我已经把照片寄出了。 I have just finished my work.我刚刚完成工作。 —Have you had your lunch yet? —你吃过午饭了吗？ -Yes , I have .(Ive just had it.) —是的，我刚吃完。 (2)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，并带有表示时间段的状语或迄今意义的时间的状语，如for, since等。 ?You dont need to describe her. I have met her several times.你没必要描述她，我见过他好几次了。 --Im sorry to keep you waiting. —对不起，让你久等了。 --Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. — 噢，没关系。我刚来几分钟。 They have lived here since 1989.他们自从1989年以来就住在这里。 I havent seen her these days.这些日子我没见到他。 注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能说：She has come to our school for 2 years. (3)表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复发生的动作。常与often, always