胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】.pdf

第一部分　考研真题精选 一、填空题 1 Chomsky proposes that the cou
e of language acquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.[中山大学2018研] 【答案】innate查看答案 【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。 2 _____ refe
to the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in particular social situatio
(e.g. Religious, legal).[北二外2016研] 【答案】Function查看答案 【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。 3 Human language is arbitrary. This refe
to the fact that there is no logical or intri
ic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.[人大2007研] 【答案】meaning查看答案 【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。 4 Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called _____.[大连外国语学院2008研] 【答案】performative查看答案 【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。 5 Phonetics is the study of _____ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that co
titute language and meaning.[北京邮电大学2015研] 【答案】speech查看答案 【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。 6 A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.[中山大学2017研] 【答案】combinatio
查看答案 【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different co
tituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelatio
hips between elements in sentence structure. 7 One of the important distinctio
in linguistics is _____ and performance.[人大2006研] 【答案】competence查看答案 【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。 8 When a word appea
in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical