2024届高考英语一轮复习：定语从句知识梳理素材.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 6 定语从句 一、基本概念 1.定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose，as）和关系副词（when, where, why） 4.关系代/副词的作用 1）连接主句和从句。 2）代替先行词（以免重复）。 3）在定语从句中充当句子成分。 4）用法： 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 宾语 Do you know the man who spoke to the headmaster just now? 介词后不用that。 非限制性定语从句中不用that。 whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语 宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. I have seen the film about which they are talking. as 人，物 主语 宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 可用in/on/at which where 地点 地点 状语 Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? 可用in/on/at which why 原因 原因 状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which 二、关系代词的用法： 1. 当先行词为人时用who或that 作主语，whom或that作宾语； 2. 当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；指物时也可用that. 3. whose用作定语，可指人或物；指具体事物或抽象概念时，可与of+which结构互换，但词序不同；指人时可用of whom。 即whose+名词 =the+名词 +of which（或者=of which+the+名词）。 例如： whose cover That is the book the cover of which is blue. of which the cover 复习：Its cover is blue.=The cover of the book is blue. 注：① 用of短语修饰的名词前应带“the”，而whose修饰的名词前不用冠词。 ② of短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whose只能放在名词前。 三、使用关系代词时的注意问题： 1. that与which的区别。 1）用that而不用 which的情况： a.先行词为不定代词all, something, anything, everything, nothing, none等时； b.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时； c.先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, all等词修饰时； d.先行词既有人又有物时； e.当主句为以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时； e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that