3现在完成时延续性分词和非延续性动词教案与练习151112剖析.docxVIP

初中语法：现在完成时延续性动词与非延续性动词学案与练习 初中语法：现在完成时 延续性动词与非延续性动词 学案与练习 PAGE PAGE 3 现在完成时之延续性分词和非延续性动词 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有 for 或 since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如： borrow 借 → keep 保存, buy 买 → have 拥有, begin/start 开始→ be on 上 映, die 死 → be dead 死（表状态）, join 参加 → be in/be a member of-加入；成为……中的一员，come/arrive 来/到达→ be here/in, come/get back 回来 → be back, go/leave 走/离开→ be away(from), marry 结婚 → be married(to), go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become 等词语是瞬间动词，表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与 for、since 等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于 how long 引导的疑问句中。 如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.(ⅹ) 但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months. 或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. ※ 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有 for/since 结构的完成时中的误用。 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 难点：比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时——表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时——发生在过去，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响 。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, from then on/after that（打那以后）；just now 刚才；in the past（在过去）等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so fa（r 到目前为止）, eve（r 曾经）, never （从未）, just（刚刚）, before（以前）, lately/recently（最近）, already （已经）, yet（还；已经）, up to now（到目前为止）, in the past few years （在过去的几年里）, these days, ever since then（打那以后）等 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 e.g．： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since th