《黄帝内经素问》中常用虚词英译研究的中期报告.docxVIP

《黄帝内经素问》中常用虚词英译研究的中期报告 Mid-term Report on the Translation of Common Empty Words in Huangdi Neijing Suwen Introduction: Huangdi Neijing Suwen, also known as the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon, is a fundamental Chinese medical text that has been studied and practiced for over two thousand years. It is a compilation of medical theories and practices that integrate Taoist philosophy, natural sciences, and practical experiences. The Suwen consists of 81 chapters, covering various topics, including fundamental theories, diagnostic methods, disease causes, prevention, and treatment. One of the distinctive features of the Suwen is its extensive use of empty words (虚词) which are commonly used in Classical Chinese. Empty words are functional words, which have no concrete meaning but serve as grammatical and syntactical markers to connect phrases and sentences. They often include modal particles, conjunctions, prepositions, and interrogative pronouns. The use of empty words in Chinese language reveals cultural values, attitudes, and social behaviors. In this mid-term report, we will introduce and translate some of the commonly used empty words found in the Suwen. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of the text’s language structure and philosophical concepts. Common Empty Words and Translation: 1. 者 (zhe) – This particle is used to indicate the subject or topic of a sentence. It can be translated as “one who,” “that which,” or “this.” Example: 精气者，人之所不能无者也。(Chapter 1) – One who has Jing (essence) and Qi (vital energy), cannot exist without them. 2. 之 (zhi) – This particle is used as a possessive marker to indicate ownership. It can be translated as “of,” “from,” or “belonging to.” Example: 夫阴阳者，天地之道也。(Chapter 5) – Yin and Yang belong to the Dao of heaven and earth. 3. 乎 (hu) – This particle is used to express a rhetorical question, an exclamation, or to indicate doubt. It can be translated as “how,” “what,” or “is it?” Example: 人有不治之病乎，命曰无息。(Chapter 2) – Is there an incu