高中英语语法（七）.docxVIP

高中英语语法（七） 1并列复合句概念 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。 2并列复合句的构成 ⒈ 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、then等连接。 如：The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. ⒉ 表示选择，常用的连词有 or、either…or…、otherwise等。 如：Hurry up,or youll miss the?train. ⒊ 表示转折，常用的连词有but、still、however、yet、while、when等。 如：He was a little man?with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. ⒋ 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so、for、therefore等。 如：August is the time of the year for?rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark. ★ 宾语从句 1概述 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。 2宾语从句的特点 ⒈ 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。 ⒉ 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。 ⒊ 连接词that 引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。 ⒋ whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether 后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。 ⒌ 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it. 3宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that（that 常可省略）,whether,if 代词：who,whose,what,which 副词：when，where,how,why等。 ⒈ that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that 可以省略） ①可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。 如：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 如：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that. ② 在以下情况中that不能省略 ⑴ 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 如：He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. ⑵?当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 如：Just then I noticed for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. ⑶?当that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 如：I cant tell him that his mother died. 注意：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 如：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. ⒉ 由whether,if引导的宾语从句 ① 由whether（if）引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”