KKK-品味唐诗宋词(三校稿)09.16修改.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 26 品味唐诗宋词 The Appreciation of Tang Poems and Song Versus Poetry （中文9794字） 每一个时代都有自己最发达繁荣并最能表现自己时代风貌的文体，在我国文学史上，上有先秦的散文、汉代的赋，下有元代的曲、明清的小说，而在封建社会发展鼎盛时期的唐宋，其文学的代表当首推它们的诗词。这里，我们试图勾勒这两个历史时期诗词的发展轨迹与规律，总结它们各自的艺术特征与成就。 Every historic period has its own literary genre embodying the features of the time. In the history of Chinese literature, there are proses in the pre-Qin Dynasty (before 220 BC) and fu known as a rhymed prose in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), qu, a kind of music drama, which consists of sanqu, a notable Chinese poetic form and zaju, the poetic music dramas, in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD), and the novels in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 AD). But in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the summit of China’s imperial society, poetry was the most popular form of literature. This article will try to figure out the development track and law of poetry in the two dynasties and summarize their own artistic characteristics and value. 一 唐王朝收拾了短命隋朝留下的乱摊子，迅速把经济推向了全面繁荣，接连出现了“贞观之治”和“开元之治”的局面，国内堪称清平富庶，对外更是军威远振，即使“安史之乱”后藩镇割据，经济的发展也没有陷于停滞，许多方面还像乱前一样的昌盛繁荣，因而唐朝尤其是盛唐的一般士人对自己的民族和时代充满了自豪感，由衷地赞叹“生死大唐好”(《敦煌曲子词集》［献忠心］)。国家的统一使各民族的大混战变为各民族的大融合，与异域的国际文化交流日益频繁，加之相对开明自由的文化政策，对思想学术兼容并蓄的宽宏态度，使各宗教、各种思想、各种学术、各种艺术、各种风俗相互碰撞、交融、借鉴，这样活跃了人们的思想，丰富了人们的情感，刺激了人们的想象。以诗赋取士的科举制的确立，打破了门阀士族对仕途的垄断，一大批中下层士人有机会在政治舞台上一显身手，这使他们具有强烈的历史责任感、对事业的远大抱负和对自己才能的高度自信心。既然诗赋是入仕的阶梯，学诗和写诗就成了士人终身的必修功课，这促进了诗歌的普及和诗艺的提高。特别是经过六朝诗人的艰苦探索，到唐初一种新型诗体——近体律绝已初具雏型，五七言古诗也日臻成熟。以上种种因缘使得唐人在诗歌创作中表现出惊人的才华，涌现出一大批天才勃发而创造力旺盛的诗人，除了李白、杜甫这样伟大的诗人以外，还有几十位开宗立派的诗歌名家大家，在诗国里取得了空前耀后的成就。《全唐诗》所录的2000多位诗人中，既有当朝天子也有舟子樵夫，既有莘莘学子也有纠纠武士；诗体包括古体和近体，从五言、六言、七言到杂言；诗风或雄壮或纤秀，或平淡或浓丽，各种诗体异彩纷呈，各种风格争奇斗艳。 I The rulers of the Tang Dynasty pushed its country into an entirely prosperous development after clearing up the helpless mess left by the short-lived the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD). What came after were the Benign Administration of Zhenguan Reign Period (627-649 AD) and the Flourishing Kaiyuan Reign Period (713-74