手性合成要点绪论.pptxVIP

Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis CHAPTER 1Introduction The universe is dissymmetrical; for if the whole of the bodies which compose the solar system were placed before a glass moving with their individual movements,the image in the glasscould not be superimposed on reality. . . . Life i dominated by dissymmetrical actions. I can foresee that all living species are primordially, in their structure, in their external forms, functions of cosmic dissymmetry.DLouis Pasteur Brief history1801, Hauèy :quartz crystals exhibited hemihedral phenomena;1809, Malus,:quartz crystals could induce the polarization light;1812, Biot:Right and left forms of quartz crystals rotated the plane of the polarized light in in different direct1815. Biot: differences between the rotation caused by quartz crystals and that caused by the solutions of organic compounds1822, John Herschel: there was a correlation between hemihedralism and optical rotation.1846-1848, Pasteur:the rotation of polarized light caused different tartaric acid salt crystals was the property of molecules. 1.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHIRALITY ANDSTEREOISOMEIC DISCRIMINATIONAn object is chiral if it cannot be superimposed on itsmirrorimage. In such a case, there are two possible forms of the same object, which are called enantiomers, and thus these two forms aresaid to be enantiomeric with each other.Enantiomers:have identical chemical and physical properties in the absence of an external chiral infuencoptical activity:The property of rotating plane-polarize light. the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule rotate the plane of polarized light to a degree that is equal in magnitude,but opposite in direction.dextrorotatory molecule: the enantiomer that rotatespolarized light in a clockwise direction,indicated by a plsign (+) or italic letter ``d .levorotatory molecule: the enantiomer which rotates polarized light in a counterclockwise direction, assigned minus sign (-) or italic