(1.5.2)--2.2 Changes in Lengths of Axiall材料力学材料力学.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Axially Loaded Members Mechanics of MaterialsChanges in Lengths of Axially Loaded Members Welcome to mechanics of materials, in this section,we are going to discuss how to determine the changes in lengths of axially loaded members. Springsk: stiffness Final length: L+δf: flexibilityThe load and elongation is proportional:or spring constantor compliance Springs are used in many kinds of machines and devices—for instance, there are dozens of them in every automobile.If applying a tensile load P* on the spring, the spring elongates, and the spring is loaded in tension. If the load acts toward the spring, the spring shortens, and it is in compression.L is its natural length, also called its unstressed length, relaxed length, or free length.Under the action of the force P, the spring lengthens by an amount δ and its final length becomes *L+δ. If the material of the spring is linearly elastic, the load and elongation will be proportional*.The constant *k is called the stiffness of the spring, the constant *f is known as the flexibility. And the stiffness and flexibility of a spring are the reciprocal of each other*.The flexibility of a spring easily can be determined by measuring the elongation produced by a known load.Other terms for the stiffness f and flexibility k of a spring are the *spring constant and compliance, respectively. (EA: the axial rigidity)Prismatic Bars＋δ: elongation－δ: shorteningThe force-displacement relation Axially loaded bars elongate under tensile loads and shorten under compressive loads, just as springs do. To analyze this behavior, let us consider this* prismatic bar. A prismatic bar is a structural member having a straight longitudinal axis and constant cross section throughout its length. Notice that structural members may have a variety of cross-sectional shapes*. The elongation d of this prismatic bar is δ, when subjected to a tensile load P, as shown in the figure.If the load acts through the centroid of the end cr