(1.5.3)--2.3 Changes in Lengths Under Non材料力学材料力学.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Axially Loaded Members Mechanics of MaterialsChanges in Lengths Under Nonuniform Conditions Welcome to mechanics of materials, in the preceding section, we discussed the changes in lengths of axially loaded members, and for a prismatic bar, the change in lengths can be described by the force-displacement relation. In this section, we will see how this same equation can be used in more general situations. Bars with Intermediate Axial Loads①②③RA＋δ: elongation－δ: shorteningAxial force diagramThe change in length for bars with intermediate axial loads: In more general situations, one case is that a prismatic bar* is loaded by one or more axial loads acting at intermediate points along the axis. To determine the length change for this bar, first, divide the bar into segments AB, BC and CD according to the *application points of thoes external forces on the bar, including point A, point B, point C and point D where reaction force RA , action forces PB, PC and PD act, respectively. For convenience, identify these segments as *1, 2, and 3, respectively. Next, using the method of sections, determine the internal axial forces in segments 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Making an arbitraty cutting in segment 1, and draw this* free body diagram, by summing forces in the vertical direction, *N1 is obtained. In a similar way, *N2, and *N3 can be found.Notice that the internal axial forces are denoted by the letter N to distinguish them from the external loads P.Then, using the *force-displacement relation, determine the *changes in the lengths of the segments 1, 2 and 3 respectively.Finally, the change in length of the entire bar δ* is obtained by adding δ1, δ2, and δ3. Note, the changes in lengths must be added algebraically, with *elongations being positive and shortenings negative.In addition, we can also sketch* the axial force diagram for this bar, which displays the variation of internal axial force N over the length of this bar. We can read the internal ax