管理英语4文章.docVIP

PAGE 2 《管理英语4》阅读文章 Unit 1 Reading 1 Five Basic Functions That Make up the Management Process 构成管理过程的五个基本功能 In 1916, a French coal mine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generale, which set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industry. In the 1950s, management textbooks began to incorporate some of Fayols ideas into their content, and today, management courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students. 1916年，法国煤矿公司总经理亨利·法约尔写了一本名为《工业管理与一般管理》的书，书中提出了五种独特的管理职能，并强调这些管理职能适用于任何行业。20世纪50年代，管理学教科书开始编入法约尔的理念，时至今日，管理学课程依然向商科学生传授他的思想。 　　Planning 规划 　　Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get there. It first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businesses, and then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditions. They then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach them. They re-evaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary. 　　规划包括确定公司的发展方向，并选择实现目标的各个步骤。首先它要求管理者意识到企业面临的挑战，然后要求管理者预测未来的业务和经济状况。接着，他们制定在一定期限前要达到的目标，并决定实现它们的步骤。随着情况的变化，他们重新评估他们的计划，必要时进行调整。 　　Organizing 组织 　　Managers organize by bringing together physical, human and financial resources to achieve objectives. They identify activities to be accomplished, classify activities, assign activities to groups or individuals, create responsibilities and delegate authority. They then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly. 　　管理者集中物力、人力和财力，建立组织来实现目标。他们确定要完成的活动、进行活动分类、将活动分配给团体或个人、明确责任和分配权力。然后他们协调一切，保证项目顺利运行。 　Leading 领导 　 Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goals. It requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectively. Effective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectives. Leading also involves su