Chapter 15 Signal transduction-大学课件-_可编辑.pptxVIP

Chapter 15: Signal transductionKnow the terminology:Enzyme-linked receptor, G-protein linked receptor, nuclear hormone receptor, G-protein, adaptor protein, scaffolding protein, SH2 domain, MAPK, Ras, protein kinase, MAPK, protein phosphatase, phospholipase, phosphodiesterase, cAMP, crosstalk, Chapter 15: Signal transductionOutline:General principles of signal transduction Overview of:Signaling Receptors Transducers TargetsMajor types of cell-surface receptors RTK signalingG-protein signaling General Principles of Signal Transduction1. Communication usually involves a(i) signaling molecule, (ii) a receptor, (iii) intracellular signal transducers and(iv) targets General Principles of Signal Transduction2. Each cell responds to a complex profile of signaling molecules (crosstalk) General Principles of Signal Transduction3. Different cells respond differently to a particular signaling molecule General Principles of Signal TransductionCells can remember the effects of some signalsCells can adjust their sensitivity to a signal General Principles of Signal TransductionCells can remember the effects of some signalsCells can adjust their sensitivity to a signal General Principles of Signal Transduction6. Signal can exhibit complex responses to signal concentration Signaling moleculesSignaling molecules come in many chemical forms:Proteins: insulin, glucagonSteroids et al.: testosterone, estradiol, cortiAmines: thyroxine, catecholamines, acetylcholineGases: nitric oxideSignaling pathways require molecules with rapid rates of synthesis and degradationTypically released from one cell and recognized by another cell Signaling moleculesSecretory signals:Autocrine-signals affect same cell or cell typeParacrine-signals affect neighbouring cellEndocrine-signals affect distant cellsContact-dependent signals:-signals are not released but affect other cells in contact through protein-protein interactions Autocrine signalingSignals released by one cell affect other cells in the immediat